[101] In March 1862, Lincoln appointed native Tennessean and War Democrat Andrew Johnson as military governor of the state. The highest recorded temperature was 113F (45C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930, while the lowest recorded temperature was 32F (36C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917. [94] Tennessee provided more Union troops than any other Confederate state, and the second-highest number of Confederate troops, behind Virginia. Tennessee has a total of 976 miles (1,571km) of navigable waterways, the 11th highest in the nation. WebPaleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. I-269 runs from Millington to Collierville, serving as an outer bypass of Memphis. The exposition was one of the most successful, and the most recent world's fair to be held in the U.S.[166] In 1986, Tennessee held a yearlong celebration of the state's heritage and culture called "Homecoming '86". The same year, 22.4% of the power was produced from coal, 17.8% from natural gas, 15.8% from hydroelectricity, and 1.3% from other renewables. [84] The Cherokee moved their capital from Georgia to the Red Clay Council Grounds in southeastern Tennessee in 1832, due to new laws forcing them from their previous capital at New Echota. [435][436] In 2004, Republican President George W. Bush increased his margin of victory in the state to 14% from 4% in 2000. In a northsouth orientation, from west to east, are interstates 55, which serves Memphis; 65, which passes through Nashville; 75, which serves Chattanooga and Knoxville; and 81, which begins east of Knoxville, and serves Bristol to the northeast. WebMap of the United States with Tennessee highlighted Country United States Before statehood Southwest Territory Admitted to the Union June 1, 1796; 226 years ago (June 1, 1796)(16th) Capital (and largest city) Nashville[2] Largest metroand urbanareas Nashville Government Governor Bill Lee(R) Lieutenant Governor Randy McNally(R) Legislature Find out more [170], In 2002, Tennessee amended its constitution to establish a lottery. [394] The legislature convenes at noon on the second Tuesday in January and meets for a total of 90 days over two sessions, usually adjourning in late April or early May. Motivation is the No. [455] Chattanooga Red Wolves SC has been a member of the third-tier USL League One since 2019. [118] Johnson became vice president when Lincoln was reelected, and president after Lincoln's assassination in May 1865. [255], According to the 2010 census, 6.4% of Tennessee's population were under age5, 23.6% were under 18, and 13.4% were 65 or older. [302] Two other automakers have assembly plants in Tennessee: General Motors in Spring Hill and Volkswagen in Chattanooga. [61] This settlement later grew into the city of Nashville. [85] In 1838 and 1839, U.S. troops forcibly removed thousands of Cherokees and their black slaves from their homes in southeastern Tennessee and forced them to march to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, economically, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions: East Tennessee, Middle Tennessee, and West Tennessee. [420] During this time, East Tennessee was heavily Republican and the western two thirds mostly voted Democratic, with the latter dominating the state. [323] There are sizable reserves of lignite coal in West Tennessee that remain untapped. [394] The governor is the only official elected statewide. [393] The capital was relocated to Nashville in 1812, where it remained until it was relocated back to Knoxville in 1817. [322], Tennessee has very little petroleum and natural gas reserves, but is home to one oil refinery, in Memphis. The planned community of Oak Ridge was built to provide accommodations for the facilities and workers; the site was chosen due to the abundance of TVA electric power, its low population density, and its inland geography and topography, which allowed for the natural separation of the facilities and a low vulnerability to attack. [407][408], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, with 92 county governments that use a county commission legislative body and a separately elected county executive. Tennessee Governor Bill Lee's second term inauguration is set for Jan. 21, 2023. The state receives an average of 50 inches (130cm) of precipitation annually. To pay off debts and alleviate overcrowded prisons, the state turned to convict leasing, providing prisoners to mining companies as strikebreakers, which was protested by miners forced to compete with the system. [17], Tennessee derives its name most directly from the Cherokee town of Tanasi (or "Tanase", in syllabary: ) in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee, on the Tanasi River, now known as the Little Tennessee River. The husband of the Tennessee police officer fired for having sex with six of her coworkers is standing by his wife, the Daily Mail reported Friday. [388] Norfolk Southern Railway also operates lines in East and southwestern Tennessee. [68] The Southwest Territory recorded a population of 35,691 in the first United States census that year, including 3,417 slaves. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. [32] Overhill settlements grew along the rivers in East Tennessee in the early 18th century. [188], Geological formations in Tennessee largely correspond with the state's topographic features, and, in general, decrease in age from east to west. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. [381] Known as "Tennessee's Main Street", I-40 serves the major cities of Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and throughout its entire length in Tennessee, one can observe the diversity of the state's geography and landforms. [71] In June 1795, the legislature conducted a census of the territory, which recorded a population of 77,263, including 10,613 slaves, and a poll that showed 6,504 in favor of statehood and 2,562 opposed. As observed on the map, the varied ranges of the Appalachian Mountain system geographically dominate the eastern third of Tennessee and include the Bald, Great Smoky, Holston, Stone, Unaka, and Unicoi mountains. Chattanooga became one of the first industrial cities in the south in the decades after the Civil War, when many factories, including iron foundries, steel mills, and textile mills were constructed there. [96], After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, secessionists in the state government led by Governor Isham Harris sought voter approval to sever ties with the United States, which was rejected in a referendum by a 5446% margin in February 1861. [319] Tennessee was also an early leader in hydroelectric power,[320] and today is the third-largest hydroelectric power-producing state east of the Rocky Mountains. [218] The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operate many hydroelectric dams on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers and their tributaries, which form large reservoirs throughout the state. In 2016, the element tennessine was named for the state, largely in recognition of the roles played by Oak Ridge, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee in its discovery. Immigration from outside the U.S. resulted in a net increase of 79,086, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 259,342. [216] Its major tributaries include the Clinch, Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, Sequatchie, Elk, Beech, Buffalo, Duck, and Big Sandy rivers. [160][161] The construction of Interstate 40 through Memphis became a national talking point on the issue of eminent domain and grassroots lobbying when the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) attempted to construct the highway through the city's Overton Park. [217] Its principal branches in Tennessee are the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, Harpeth, and Red rivers. The state's well-known contributions to Southern cuisine include Memphis-style barbecue, Nashville hot chicken, and Tennessee whiskey. [343] Many reservoirs created by TVA dams have also generated water-based tourist attractions. For areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are generally near freezing. [180][182] Uncertainties in the latter 19th century over the location of the state's border with Virginia culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court settling the matter in 1893, which resulted in the division of Bristol between the two states. [169] The same year, the whitewater slalom events at the Atlanta Summer Olympic Games were held on the Ocoee River in Polk County. [70] The full legislature convened on August 25, 1794. [351], Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including blues, country, rock and roll, rockabilly, soul, bluegrass, Contemporary Christian, and gospel. The governments of Davidson (Nashville), Moore (Lynchburg), and Trousdale (Hartsville) are consolidated with their county seats. [67] President George Washington appointed William Blount as territorial governor. [114] On February 22, 1865, the legislature approved an amendment to the state constitution prohibiting slavery, which was approved by voters the following month, making Tennessee the only Southern state to abolish slavery. Paleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. [120] Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment before its readmission to the Union, it was the only former secessionist state that did not have a military governor during Reconstruction. Get It Now Start Planning Tap Add to Trip on anything you like. Large corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone, International Paper, and First Horizon Corporation, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group in Knoxville; Hospital Corporation of America based in Nashville; Unum in Chattanooga; Acadia Senior Living and Community Health Systems in Franklin; Dollar General in Goodlettsville, and LifePoint Health, Tractor Supply Company, and Delek US in Brentwood. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. [400] The Supreme Court of Tennessee appoints the state's Attorney General, a practice only found in Tennessee. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions of East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Tennessee is under the jurisdiction of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which has jurisdiction over three district courts in the state: the Eastern, Middle, and Western districts. [200] This landform is part of the larger Appalachian Plateau and consists mostly of flat-topped tablelands. [463], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}36N 86W / 36N 86W / 36; -86 (State of Tennessee), This article is about the U.S. state. [184], Marked by a diversity of landforms and topographies, Tennessee features six principal physiographic provinces, from east to west, which are part of three larger regions: the Blue Ridge Mountains, Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, and Cumberland Plateau, part of the Appalachian Mountains; the Highland Rim and Nashville Basin, part of the Interior Low Plateaus of the Interior Plains; and the East Gulf Coastal Plain, part of the Atlantic Plains. [31] Cherokee peoples in Tennessee were known by European settlers as the Overhill Cherokee because they lived west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. [4] Tennessee is a right-to-work state, like most of its Southern neighbors. [205] The Eastern Highland Rim is characterized by relatively level plains dotted by rolling hills, and the Western Highland Rim and western Nashville Basin are covered with uneven rounded knobs with steep ravines separated by meandering streams. [79] Several Tennesseans took part in the Texas Revolution of 183536, including Governor Sam Houston and Congressman and frontiersman Davy Crockett, who was killed at the Battle of the Alamo. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. [220] All three of these basins are tributaries of the Ohio River watershed. The state averages 15 tornadoes annually. [277] Nashville has publishing houses of several denominations. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [144] In 1926, Congress authorized the establishment of a national park in the Great Smoky Mountains, which was officially established in 1934 and dedicated in 1940. [249] Clarksville is a significant population center, with about 170,000 residents. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. Nashville was officially named Tennessee's permanent capital in 1843. Several annual music festivals take place throughout the state, the largest of which are the Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, the CMA Music Festival in Nashville, Bonnaroo in Manchester, and Riverbend in Chattanooga. [257][258] In 2019, about 5.5% of Tennessee's population was foreign-born. [391], The Constitution of Tennessee was adopted in 1870. In every county except Davidson, the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer. [456] Founded in 2009, Chattanooga FC began playing in the third-tier National Independent Soccer Association in 2020. The geography of Tennessee is unique. [234] The state ranks second in the nation for the diversity of its freshwater fish species. [317] Nuclear power is Tennessee's largest source of electricity generation, producing about 43.4% of its power in 2021. [180] Due to flooding of the Mississippi that has changed its path, the state's western boundary deviates from the river in some places. Tennesseans narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox in 1920,[427] and more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith in 1928. [202] The Cumberland Trail traverses the eastern escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [356], Education in Tennessee is administered by the Tennessee Department of Education. [321] Bituminous coal is mined in small quantities in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [218] The entirety of the state is in the Mississippi River watershed, except for a small sliver near the southeastern corner traversed by the Conasauga River, which is part of the Mobile Bay watershed. Small sections of the Huntsville, Alabama and Paducah, Kentucky-Cape Girardeau, Missouri-Harrisburg, Illinois markets also extend into the state. The average combined rate is about 9.5%, the nation's highest average sales tax. [22] The constitution was completed on February 6, which authorized elections for the state's new legislature, the Tennessee General Assembly. [440] Voters, however, continued to elect moderate Republicans, such as centrists Bill Haslam and Lamar Alexander, until the late 2010s with the rise of Trumpism in the GOP at a nationwide scale. [454] Tennessee has three minor league soccer teams. The executive branch is led by the governor, who holds office for a four-year term and may serve a maximum of two consecutive terms. [325][326][327] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. Local law enforcement is divided between county sheriff's offices and municipal police departments. [147] The TVA built several hydroelectric dams in the state in the 1930s and 1940s, which inundated communities and thousands of farmland acreage, and forcibly displaced families via eminent domain. [348], Tennessee is perhaps best known culturally for its musical heritage and contributions to the development of many forms of popular music. [429] For most of the second half of the 20th century, Tennessee was a swing state in presidential elections. It is located in the upper South of the eastern United States and became the 16th state of the union in 1796. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. [217] The Mississippi River drains nearly all of West Tennessee. Find out more The state of Tennessee is a place in the southeastern United States. [336], The National Park Service preserves four Civil War battlefields in Tennessee: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Stones River National Battlefield, Shiloh National Military Park, and Fort Donelson National Battlefield. [383][381], Major airports in Tennessee include Nashville International Airport (BNA), Memphis International Airport (MEM), McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) outside of Knoxville, Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), Tri-Cities Regional Airport (TRI) in Blountville, and McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport (MKL) in Jackson. Tennessee has the third-highest number of amphibian species, with the Great Smoky Mountains home to the most salamander species in the world. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", and in 1796, a constitutional convention, organizing the new state out of the Southwest Territory, adopted "Tennessee" as the state's name. [223] Tennessee is the most biodiverse inland state,[224] the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most biodiverse national park,[225][226] and the Duck River is the most biologically diverse waterway in North America. [204] Both of these physiographic provinces are part of the Interior Low Plateaus of the larger Interior Plains. [404], Tennessee maintains four dedicated law enforcement agencies: the Tennessee Highway Patrol (THP), the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI), and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC). [33], The first recorded European expeditions into what is now Tennessee were led by Spanish explorers Hernando de Soto in 15401541, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 15661567. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. Capital punishment is legal in Tennessee and has existed at various times since statehood. Its economy is dominated by the health care, music, finance, automotive, chemical, electronics, and tourism sectors, and cattle, soybeans, corn, poultry, and cotton are its primary agricultural products. [79] These soldiers, under Andrew Jackson's command, played a major role in the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, the last major battle of the war. [243] Winter storms such as in 1993 and 2021 occur occasionally, and ice storms are fairly common. Most of the Blue Ridge area is protected by the Cherokee National Forest, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and several federal wilderness areas and state parks. The state had two previous constitutions. [93] In 1860, slaves composed about 25% of Tennessee's population, the lowest share among the states that joined the Confederacy. As observed on the map, the varied ranges of the Appalachian Mountain system geographically dominate the eastern third of Tennessee and include the Bald, Great Smoky, Holston, Stone, Unaka, and Unicoi mountains. [267] In 2010, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were American (26.5%), English (8.2%), Irish (6.6%), German (5.5%), and Scotch-Irish (2.7%). A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. A local activist group spent many years contesting the project, and in 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with the group and established the framework for judicial review of government agencies in the landmark case of Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. [384] The state also has 74 general aviation airports and 148 heliports.[379]. [394] The legislature can override a veto by a simple majority, and the state has no "pocket veto". [344], A culturally diverse state, Tennessee blends Appalachian and Southern flavors, which originate from its English, Scotch-Irish, and African roots, and has evolved as it has grown. [286] Since 2016, Tennessee has had no inheritance tax. [194] The New Madrid Seismic Zone in the northwestern part of the state produced a series of devastating earthquakes between December 1811 and February 1812 that formed Reelfoot Lake near Tiptonville. [77][78], Tennessee reportedly earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when 3,500 Tennesseans answered a recruitment call by the General Assembly for the war effort. Map of the United States with Tennessee highlighted Country United States Before statehood Southwest Territory Admitted to the Union June 1, 1796; 226 years ago (June 1, 1796)(16th) Capital (and largest city) Nashville[2] Largest metroand urbanareas Nashville Government Governor Bill Lee(R) Lieutenant Governor Randy McNally(R) Legislature Archaeological excavations indicate that the lower Tennessee Valley was heavily populated by Ice Age hunter-gatherers, and Middle Tennessee is believed to have been rich with game animals such as mastodons. Memphis 901 FC has played in the second-tier USL Championship since 2019. [233], Common mammals found throughout Tennessee include white-tailed deer, red and gray foxes, coyotes, raccoons, opossums, wild turkeys, rabbits, and squirrels. This event is known as the Trail of Tears, and an estimated 4,000 died along the way. The state is one of eight states which require voters to present a form of photo identification. The central part of the state is marked by cavernous bedrock and irregular rolling hills, and level, fertile plains define West Tennessee. The Nashville market is the third-largest in the Upland South and the ninth-largest in the southeastern United States, according to Nielsen Media Research. [235], Most of Tennessee has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as a cooler mountain temperate or humid continental climate. [395], The bicameral legislative branch, the Tennessee General Assembly, consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. [40][41] In 1739, the French constructed Fort Assumption under Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville on the Mississippi River at the present location of Memphis, which they used as a base against the Chickasaw during the 1739 Campaign of the Chickasaw Wars. [397] Each chamber chooses a Speaker, who is elected by a joint session of the legislature. ", "Appalachian Music: Examining Popular Assumptions", "Governor Appointed State School Board Members Process Requirements - Statutes, Rules and Regulations", "TDOE Releases 2020-21 Graduation Rate Data", "Education funding in TN reaches breaking point as BEP lawsuit advances", "Haslam marks University of Memphis independence from Board of Regents", "5 things to know about the Tennessee Promise Scholarship", "Tennessee Promise inspires national trend", "HBCU Schools in Tennessee - 2018 Ranking", "Gannett has now bought all but one of Tennessee's major newspapers", "Television Stations By State - Tennessee", "Report Card for Tennessee's Infrastructure", "TDOT chief says Nashville transit plan overlooked region, highways aren't at full capacity", "3 Reasons HOV Lanes Are Effective in Washington (and Can Work in Tennessee Too)", "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2015", "Memphis International Airport, aided by FedEx, named world's busiest cargo airport in 2020", "Amtrak proposes new routes, trains for Tennessee", "Music City Star upgrades closer for Wilson and East Davidson county train service", Economic Impact of Tennessee's Inland Waterways, "New Master Plan Charts Course For Port Of Memphis For Coming Decades", "Tennessee Says It Will Bring Back the Electric Chair", "Tennessee reinstates electric chair as death penalty option", "U.S. District Courts for the Districts of Tennessee", "Vision of Trust Management Model, Responsibility and Reform", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison Tennessee", "Chicago tribune. Has had no inheritance tax Tears, and an estimated 4,000 died along rivers. 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