= , 7. . = , 22. The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. = [ ], 7. Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. 13 - ( ) = . The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. " " . If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. () = Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. - . It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. Therefore, these patristic writings are not to be considered critically, but simply learnt by heart. Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. Normally children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn. [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . = [ , 23. The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. / eathebook ! At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. = , 4. A graduate of Qene School looks for a position in a Church and serves in the choir where he composes Qene and sings, or he may take a post as a minor teacher or administrator in the Church. Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. 81 2 . 6 The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. ( .. ) ()= , 20. . The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. . = , 8. This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. Despite hardships during the time of studies, many students hope for a good position in the Church, where the masters of qne have always been greatly appreciated. . . . = , 1. From that time to the present the church schools have undergone little change. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. .. = , 20. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. The rest, including the teaching the traditions and service of the Church, is learned through daily experience in the parish itself. In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. It is a one-teacher school, with instruction given by a priest or layman with church education. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. . The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the House of Reading is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. [5] Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. This faith, the churches believes, is derived from the apostolic heritage and borne witness to in the New Testament against the background of the Old Testament. (..). Your email address will not be published. 3. 19 - .. . 20 = (2) . () = , 1. () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. = , 12. ( ) :: . One of the group reads a sentence or a phrase. = , 25. [4] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands had been Miaphysite Christian since the fourth century. Privacy-Statement . The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. / [ ], 2. Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). . = , 4. the beginning of reading. A Debtera is a general term given to all those who have completed one of the higher schools of the church. The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. In the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or at least awakened. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. . After some time the group goes again to the teacher and reads the same text and again comments on it. (Literature school). What is the process of training and what is offered in the higher schools? He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. = , 22 - . It may be that church schools as a whole will take on a new impetus and play an important role in raising the general level of education of the clergy in the future. Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. . ( ) = , 2. ( = ), 001. Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. 2, 117). () = , 20. = [ .. ], 3. This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. According to the Church Office there are about 15,000 churches in Ethiopia. C) Reading the Psalms The teacher of the Qne bet is called mggabe miir, the teacher/administrator of mystery/secret/sacrament). There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). The church school system has been the instrument that has preserved the traditional learning of Ethiopia and conveyed it faithfully to succeeding generations. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. () = , 21. Children master the 231 letters of the Geez syllabary, and are drilled in the art of good reading. The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. The first type is known as Beluy. The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. 'house of zema [chant]') is a part of the system of traditional church education. 6 . The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. The Qne bet ( house of the qne) is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian OrthodoxTwahdoChurch. Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. 1 = . These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. b) Qene Bet . The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. = , 28 - = . . () -., 18 - = , 11 - = , 20 - = , 21 - = , 3. Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. [12], Liturgical chant used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Saint Yared's Hymn for the Feast of Saint Stephen, "Ethiopian chant | vocal music | Britannica", "Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant & Historical Context", "Choeur Saint Yared: Chants de L'glise thiopienne", "Oral and Written Transmission in Ethiopian Christian Chant", Norwegian University of Science and Technology, "St. Yared: The Great Ethiopian Composer", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_chant&oldid=1124513207, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. = , 18. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. The teaching method allows the boy free activities and movements as illustrated below. The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. () = , 3. . = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . Abinet Timhert bet Ethiopian Orthodox's Traditional School kibreQidusan Medhanealem EOTC 2.12K subscribers Subscribe 9 Share 634 views 2 years ago Show more Show. = , 8 . In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. . In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. All depends on the availability of books. 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