[81][82] He was promptly replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis. [133] Sherman's success caused the collapse of the once powerful "Copperhead" faction within the Democratic Party, which had advocated immediate peace negotiations with the Confederacy. When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Rainn Wilson TV and Movie Actor 6th cousin 6 times removed via Matthew Marvin [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. [112], After the surrender of Vicksburg and the re-capture of Jackson, Sherman was given the rank of brigadier general in the regular army, in addition to his rank as a major general of volunteers. "[293] Following Walters, James Reston Jr. argued in 1984 that Sherman had planted the "seed for the Agent Orange and Agent Blue programs of food deprivation in Vietnam". "[254], One of Sherman's significant contributions as head of the Army was the establishment of the Command School (now the Command and General Staff College) at Fort Leavenworth[255] in 1881. [132] The capture of Atlanta made Sherman a household name and was decisive in ensuring Lincoln's re-election in November. [140] At the end of this campaign, known as Sherman's March to the Sea, his troops took Savannah on December 21, 1864. In fact, Sherman's first command was a brigade of three-month volunteers who fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. Sherman would eventually become one of the few high-ranking officers of the U.S. Civil War who had not fought in Mexico. William Tecumseh Sherman. However, Sherman impressed Lincoln during the President's visit to the troops on July 23, and Lincoln promoted Sherman to brigadier general of volunteers effective May 17, 1861. William Tecumseh Sherman 1870-1939 - Ancestry. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. National Archives. This frontal assault was intended as a diversion, but it unexpectedly succeeded in capturing the enemy's entrenchments and routing the Confederate Army of Tennessee, bringing the Union's Chattanooga campaign to a successful completion. [41], On May 1, 1850, Sherman married his foster sister, Ellen Boyle Ewing, who was four years his junior. [9] He recovered by forging a close partnership with General Ulysses S. Grant. "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. [290], In the early 20th century, Sherman's role in the Civil War attracted attention from influential British military intellectuals, including Field Marshal Lord Wolseley, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, and especially Capt. [274], Sherman wrote to his wife in 1842: "I believe in good works rather than faith. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. You mistake, too, the people of the North. William Tecumseh Sherman married Margaret E Gleason and had 5 children. The Confederate victory at Kennesaw Mountain did little to halt Sherman's advance towards Atlanta. In 1850 Sherman married one of the Ewing daughters, Ellen. Sherman served in that capacity from 1869 until 1883 and was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars. [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. "[234] In 1867, he wrote to Grant that "we are not going to let a few thieving, ragged Indians check and stop the progress" of the railroads. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. [111], During the siege of Vicksburg, Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston had gathered a force of 30,000 men in Jackson, Mississippi, with the intention of relieving the garrison under the command of John C. Pemberton that was trapped inside Vicksburg. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." [287] By the 1880s, however, Southern "Lost Cause" writers began to demonize Sherman for his attacks on civilians in Georgia and South Carolina. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. According to Lewis's account, which was repeated by later authors, Sherman was baptized in the Ewing home by a Dominican priest who found the pagan name "Tecumseh" unsuitable and instead named the child "William" after the saint on whose feast day the baptism took place. [86], By mid-December 1861 Sherman had recovered sufficiently to return to service under Halleck in the Department of the Missouri. [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. Sherman to Grant, May 28, 1867, quoted in Fellman, Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy, campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, Commanding General of the United States Army, General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument, "An Unspoken Address to the Loyal Legion", List of American Civil War generals (Union), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "Madness, Genius, & Sherman's Ruthless March", "Survey Report: Raised Streets & Hollow Sidewalks, Sacramento, California", "Family Trees of the Interconnected Sherman and Ewing Families", "Department of Military Science: Unit History", "15th Regiment Cavalry Pennsylvania Volunteers: The Fifteenth at General Joe Johnston's Surrender", "Minutes of an interview between the colored ministers and church officers at Savannah with the Secretary of War and Major-Gen. Sherman", "Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi: Special Field Orders, No. [72] On June 3, he wrote in a letter to his brother-in-law: "I still think it is to be a long warvery longmuch longer than any Politician thinks. Johnston replied: "If I were in [Sherman's] place, and he were standing in mine, he would not put on his hat." Sherman's initial assignments were rear-echelon commands, first of an instructional barracks near St. Louis and then in command of the District of Cairo. [288] In this new discourse, Sherman's devastation of railroads and plantations mattered less than his perceived insults to southern dignity and especially to its unprotected white womanhood. [291] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[292] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 21 August 1874, in St Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, his father, Daniel M Sherman, was 55 and his mother, Mary Ann Post, was 24. For further details about Sherman's banking career, see Dwight L. Clarke. [230] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the Western Theater. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu. After ordering almost all civilians to abandon the city in September, Sherman gave instructions that all military and government buildings in Atlanta be burned, although many private homes and shops were burned as well. Therefore, he believed that the North had to conduct its campaign as a war of conquest, employing scorched earth tactics to break the backbone of the rebellion. [109] During the long and complicated maneuvers against Vicksburg, one newspaper complained that the "army was being ruined in mud-turtle expeditions, under the leadership of a drunkard [Grant], whose confidential adviser [Sherman] was a lunatic". [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. [281] In 1888, Sherman wrote publicly that "my immediate family are strongly Catholic. His men swore by him, and most of his fellow officers admired him. It also dealt a major blow to the popularity of the Democratic presidential candidate, George B. McClellan, whose victory in the election had until then appeared likely to many, including Lincoln himself. [280] Except during the personal crisis triggered by his son Thomas's decision to become a priest, Sherman's personal attitude towards the Catholic Church was tolerant and even friendly at a time when anti-Catholic prejudice was common in the United States. This was a new regiment yet to be raised. Holden-Reid, for instance, argued that "the concept of 'total war' is deeply flawed, an imprecise label that at best describes the two world wars but is of dubious relevance to the U.S. Civil War."[203]. [196][197][f] Another World War II-era student of Liddell Hart's writings on Sherman was General George S. Patton,[198] who "spent a long vacation studying Sherman's campaigns on the ground in Georgia and the Carolinas, with the aid of [Liddell Hart's] book" and later "carried out his [bold] plans, in super-Sherman style". The documentary's title refers to U.S. General William Tecumseh Sherman, whose routing of the Confederacy in the Deep South resulted in federal pledges of land, protection, and dignity to the emancipated slaves. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 26 November 1884, in Omnia Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States, his father, John Wingert, was 50 and his mother, Charlotte Wagner, was 32. He lived in Washington Township, Page, Iowa, United States for about 20 years and Locust Grove . A bill was introduced in Congress to promote Sherman to Grant's rank of lieutenant general, probably with a view towards having him replace Grant as commander of the Union Army. [103] Grant, who was on poor terms with McClernand, regarded this as a politically motivated distraction from the efforts to take Vicksburg, but Sherman had targeted Arkansas Post independently and considered the operation worthwhile. Sherman offered Grant an example from his own life: "Before the battle of Shiloh, I was cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of 'crazy', but that single battle gave me new life, and I'm now in high feather." [233] Sherman's views on Indian matters were often strongly expressed. In his memoirs, Sherman would later write that he saw that new assignment as breaking a promise by President Lincoln that he would not be given such a prominent leadership position. Sherman's father died unexpectedly in 1829, when Sherman was nine years old, and due to the family's financial problems, he was sent to live with Lancaster . He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. [56] Sherman was an effective and popular leader of the institution, which would later become Louisiana State University. According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". "Lick 'em tomorrow, though. William Tecumseh Sherman, (born February 8, 1820, Lancaster, Ohio, U.S.died February 14, 1891, New York, New York), American Civil War general and a major architect of modern warfare. [107] Sherman initially expressed reservations about the wisdom of these plans, but he soon submitted to Grant's leadership and the campaign in the spring of 1863 cemented Sherman's personal ties to Grant. [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. Senator Ewing secured an appointment for the 16-year-old Sherman as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point. He married Emily Cynthia Babbitt in 1854. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. Gen. Rufus Saxton, an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to implement that plan. After the Civil . Sherman died of pneumonia in New York City at 1:50PM on February 14, 1891, six days after his 71st birthday. "Well, Grant, we've had the devil's own day, haven't we?" Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. [156][157] Also present at the City Point conference was Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! William Tecumseh Sherman: Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman . [106], The failure of the first phase of the campaign against Vicksburg led Grant to formulate an unorthodox new strategy, which called for the invading Union army to separate from its supply train and subsist by foraging. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. All other "editions" of Sherman's memoirs are re-printings of the 1889 or, in some cases, the 1875 edition. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891), American soldier, was a Union general during the Civil War. Genealogy for William Tecumseh Sherman (c.1866 - 1867) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Born William Tecumseh SHERMAN American soldier, businessman, educator and author Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA Born on February 08 48 Deceased on February 14 31 Family tree Report an error Sherman Daniel 1721 - 1799 Taylor Mindwell 1720 - 1798 Stoddard One 19th-century source, for example, states that "General Sherman, we believe, is the only eminent American named from an Indian chief". [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. [134], During September and October, Sherman and Hood played a cat-and-mouse game in northern Georgia and Alabama, as Hood threatened Sherman's communications to the north. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". [228] He testified in the trial on April 11 and 13, 1868. His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. When Grant was promoted and took over the armies in the east, Sherman was put in charge of those in the west. [278], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[279] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. The severity of the destructive acts by Union troops was significantly greater in South Carolina than in Georgia or North Carolina. [161] The U.S. Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, leaked Sherman's memorandum to The New York Times, intimating that Sherman might have been bribed to allow Davis to escape capture by the Union troops. [229] He was successful in negotiating other treaties, such as the removal of Navajos from the Bosque Redondo to traditional lands in Western New Mexico. "[219] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires. [13], Sherman's older brother Charles Taylor Sherman became a federal judge. You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical, and determined people on Earthright at your doors. William Tecumseh Sherman achieved the rank of Major General during the Civil War. People Projects Discussions Surnames [186][187] In 1888, near the end of his life, Sherman published an essay in the North American Review defending the full civil rights of black citizens in the former Confederacy. Before the Civil War, however, the more conservative William T. had expressed some sympathy for the white Southerners' defense of their traditional agrarian system, including the institution of slavery. Eleanor Mary Sherman (1859-1915) 2. Grant, the previous commander of the District of Cairo, had just won a major victory at Fort Henry and been given command of the ill-defined District of West Tennessee. Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . The nomination was not submitted to the Senate until December. [177] Some abolitionists accused Sherman of doing too little to alleviate the precarious living conditions of these refugees, motivating Secretary of War Stanton to travel to Georgia in January 1865 to investigate the situation. [195] Liddell Hart also declared that the study of Sherman's campaigns had contributed significantly to his own "theory of strategy and tactics in mechanized warfare", and claimed that this had in turn influenced Heinz Guderian's doctrine of Blitzkrieg and Rommel's use of tanks during the Second World War. Sherman's success in Georgia received ample coverage in the Northern press at a time when Grant seemed to be making little progress in his fight against Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. [242], Much of Sherman's time as Commanding General was devoted to making the Western and Plains states safe for settlement through the continuation of the Indian Wars, which included three significant campaigns: the Modoc War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War. [225] Sherman also clashed with Eastern humanitarians who were critical of the army's harsh treatment of the Indians and who had apparently found an ally in President Grant. After Pemberton surrendered to Grant on July 4, Johnston advanced towards the rear of Grant's forces. He interrupted his military career in 1853 to pursue private business ventures, without much success. Sherman was re-baptized as a Catholic, but Maria's husband, Senator Thomas Ewing, insisted that the young Sherman not be compelled to practice Catholicism. Supplemental Report Of The Joint Committee On The Conduct Of The War: In Two Volumes ; Supplemental To Senate Report No. [147], Grant then ordered Sherman to embark his army on steamers and join the Union forces confronting Lee in Virginia, but Sherman instead persuaded Grant to allow him to march north through the Carolinas, destroying everything of military value along the way, as he had done in Georgia. , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. [304] Sherman is represented astride his horse Ontario and led by a winged female figure of Victory. Concerning Him (1859-1864) Made by L. Bourgeois and Affirmed to be True Copies by David F. Boyd, 30 September 1875; Copies of Letters to and by William Tecumseh Sherman; Drafts of Letters, Reports, and Speeches by William Tecumseh Sherman In 1859, he became superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy (now Louisiana State University), a position from which he resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union. [116] Following the defeat of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of Chickamauga by Confederate general Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee, President Lincoln re-organized the Union forces in the West as the Military Division of the Mississippi, placing it under General Grant's command. [228], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 186869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. His father, a lawyer and jurist, died when he was nine and the children were parceled out to relatives and friends. [114][115], Ordered to relieve the Union forces besieged in the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Sherman departed from Memphis on October 11, 1863, aboard a train bound for Chattanooga. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. William Tecumseh Sherman described the San Francisco banking panic in his memoirs. Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. Looting was officially forbidden, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced. [200][201][g] Sherman's advance through Georgia and the Carolinas was characterized by widespread destruction of civilian supplies and infrastructure. [306], The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument (1903) by Carl Rohl-Smith[307] stands near President's Park in Washington, D.C.[308] The bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and a platform with a soldier at each corner, representing the infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineer branches of the U.S. Army. [138], After November elections, Sherman began marching on November 15 with 62,000 men in the direction of the port city of Savannah, Georgia,[139] living off the land and causing, by his own estimate, more than $100million in property damage. [245], In 1875, ten years after the end of the Civil War, Sherman became one of the first Civil War generals to publish his memoirs. The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument is an equestrian statue of American Civil War Major General William Tecumseh Sherman located in Sherman Plaza, which is part of President's Park in Washington, D.C., in the United States.The selection of an artist in 1896 to design the monument was highly controversial. Married Margaret E Gleason and had 5 children 156 ] [ 38 ], Sherman Grant... 1883 and was decisive in ensuring Lincoln 's re-election in November progress have derived research! Of General W. T. Sherman the trial on April 11 and 13,.... His widow and family migrated to OH into War with one of the Ewing,! The 1875 edition ] in 1888, Sherman was put in charge of those in the Indian.! And Other Communications, etc Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter [ 81 ] [ 157 ] Also at! Coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction Sherman succeeded Grant the! Committee on the Conduct of the Missouri testified in the east, Sherman was put in of! 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